词性担当

主语——名、代（主格）
谓语——动词
表语——名、代、形、副(少量)、介宾
宾语——名、代（宾格）

人称代词

代词主格：做主语

I,You,He,She,It,We,You,They

代词宾格：动后介后

me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them
Tom loves him.

代词形容格:跟着名词

my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their    
her friend    她的朋友

代词名词格

mine,yours,his,hers,ours,yours,theirs    
The car is yours

名词格=形容格+名词

The book is mine. Yousr is here.这本书是我的，你的在这儿

反身代词：主语和表语指同一个人，宾语用反身代词

myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves

形容词

名前,名后做定语

it is an apple different from yours

be后做表语

变化规则

动词	规则变化	不规则变化
比较级	+er	y,e,双,多
最高级	+est	y,e,双,多

特殊变化

good -> better -> best
bad -> worse -> worst
many/much -> more -> most
little -> less -> least
far -> further/farther -> furthest/farthest
old -> older,elder -> oldest, eldest

辅音字母+y:变y为i加er, est

easy -> easier -> easiest

元音字母+y:直接加ed

qray -> qrayer -> qrayest

以e结尾:直接加r,st

large -> larger -> largest

双写原则:辅元辅+重读(单音节)

hot -> hotter -> hottest

双写原则:辅元辅+重读(多音节)

beautiful -> more beautiful -> most beautiful

1 原级比较(和…一样)
肯定句 A…as + adj/adv原级 + as + B

you are as tall as Tom
they can learn Englis as fast as you.

否定句 A…not as/so + adj/adv原级 + as + B

you are not as/so tall as Tom

He will be back as soon as possible(他会尽快回来)
He will be back as soon as he can
He is running as fast as possible(他正在尽力奔跑)
I will help you as much as possible.(我会尽可能多的帮你)

2 比较级: A… + 比较级 + than B

china is larger than USA.

than 后面代词的写法

Henry is taller than (I am / I / me(口语))

3.最高级, the + 最高级

she is the most beautiful girl in her class
she is one of the most beautiful girls in the world(最美丽之一)

副词

修饰形容词，直接放前面

例如：very happy

修饰动词，放在反面

例如：Tom misses his sister very much. Tom非常想念他的姐姐    very much 修饰 miss

修饰名词，放在后面

例如：the kids there 哪里的小孩

冠词

the

可以和名词的单数、复数和不可数搭配，表达这个，这些

a,an

元音字母a,e,i,o,u
挨着最近的词开头发元音 + an
an old man
an hour

指示代词

This is water 这些是水
That is water 那些是水
these are books
those are books

动词

变化规则

动词	规则变化	不规则变化
动s/名复	+s	s,o,f,y
动过/动分	+ed	y,e,双
动ing	+ing	y,e,双

动s/名复 例子

特殊变化

man->men,woman->women,child->children,tooth->teeth,foot->feet. 

s/ss/sh/ch/x结尾的单词+es

bus->buses,dish->dishes,watch->watches.

o原则 1)有生命+es

hero->heroes, potato->potatoes, tomato->tomato

2)无生命 + s

zoo->zoos, photo->photos. 

f,fe原则 1)多数变f,fe 为ves

wife->wives, knife->knives, yourself-yourselves. 

y原则 1)辅音字母+y, 变y为i加es

baby->babies, city->cities 

2)元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)+y, 直接加s

day-> days, boy->boys

动过/动分(ed) 例子

特殊变化

put->put--put, cut->cut--cut, say->said--said, pay->paid--paid,
lay->laid--laid, run->ran--run, swim->swam--swum, begin->began--begun
know->knew-known, get->got--got

辅音字母+y:变y为i加-ed

hurry->hurried--hurried, study->studied--studied,try->tried--tried

元音字母+y:直接加ed

play->played--played, stay->stayed--stayed

以e结尾:直接加d

smile->smiled--smiled, dance->danced--danced, agree->agreed--agreed
lie(撒谎)->lied--lied, die->died--died, tie->tied--tied

双写原则:辅元辅+重读:单音节(单多音节看有几个发音元音字母)

stop->stopped--stopped, plan->planned-planned

双写原则:辅元辅+重读:双,多音节

regret->regretted--regretted, listen->listened--listened

以y/w/x结尾的词,不管符合双写原则与否,均不双写

play->played--played
snow->snowed--snowed
fix->fixed--fixed

l结尾也符合辅元辅原则的词,英式双写,美式不双写

travel-> traveled/travelled
cancel-> canceled/cancelled

动ing 例子

特殊情况

be -> being, see -> seeing, agree -> agreeing

以y结尾,直接加ing

play->playing, pay->paying

以e结尾,去e加ing

write -> writing, dance -> dancing

以ie结尾,去ie加ying

lie -> lying, die -> dying, tie -> tying

双写原则:辅元辅+重读:单音节(单多音节看有几个发音元音字母)

stop->stopping, plan->planning
put -> putting, get -> getting

双写原则:辅元辅+重读:双,多音节

begin -> beginning, forget -> forgetting
visit -> visiting(重读在前面)

以y/w/x结尾的词,不管符合双写原则与否,均不双写

play-> playing,    fix->fixing

l结尾也符合辅元辅原则的词,英式双写,美式不双写

travel-> traveling/travelling
cancel-> canceling/cancelling

非谓语

不能单独当谓语的动词形式

doing(主动), done(被动), to do(将要)
being, been, to be

当名词(doing 动名词, to do 不定式)

Cleaning the room is difficult.
it is difficult to do clean.
you work is cleaing the room.
he will give up smoking

介词后+动ing

give up 放弃
think of 想起
feel like 喜欢
look forward to 盼望
be interested in 感兴趣

(多数)动后+to do

want to do, hope to do, expect to do
agree to do, manage to do, decide to do

(少数)动后+doing

enjoy doing, dislike doing
finish doing, mind doing

(个别)动后+to do / doing 意义一样

begin, start, continue, like, love, hate

(个别)动后+to do / doing 意义不一样

stop to do, forget to do, remember to do, regret to do 去做
stop doing, forget doing, remember doing, regret doing 已做

当形容词(doing 动名词, to do 不定式, done 过去分词)

名前名后做定语

the dancing girl
the girl dancing in the room

名词

名词前要么有a, the, 或者复数不需要加,要么this, that, your, my

做主语

the girl is cute

be后(表语)

i am a girl

介后(宾语)

i look at the girl

动后(宾语)

i like the girl.